AQA Combined Science: Physics paper 2

Direction and size

Size and no specific direction

Size of a quantity

Distance with no change in direction

A push or a pull on an object

A force where to objects must touch each other to interact

Examples:

 

 

Non-contact:

 

 

Newton's third law: When two objects ____

they _____

____ and _______ forces on each other

The single effect of multiple forces

Newton's first law of motion: if the resultant force acting on an object is __:

If the object is at ____, it remains _______.

If the object is in motion, it keeps moving with the same _____

____-____ diagrams:

They show the forces acting on an object. Each vector is represented by an _____

The ______ of _____ of an object is the point at which its mass is ___________.

Know how to use a ______ of forces

Know how to use a ______ of forces

Key conditions for an object to be in equilibrium: _______ _____ is zero

The forces have no overall _____ effect

Gradient of a distance-time graph shows ______

Gradient of a speed-time graph shows ______

Velocity is _____ in a given ______

The area under a velocity-time graph shows ______ (or ________)

By using a ______, you can find the speed/acceleration/rate of change of something on a graph

Newton's ______ law of motion says that the acceleration of an object:

Is _______ to the resultant force on the object

Is _____ ________ to the mass of the object

The tendency of an object to stay at rest or continue in uniform motion.

The ______ of an object, is the force on it due to gravity

The mass of an object depends on the ______ of ______

When an object falls in a ____

and its speed _______, the resultant force on the object ______

Because the ______ force on the object _______, the acceleration of the object _______, because the resultant force _______

Where an object is in ____ ____ and the resultant force on the object is zero

Meaning of previous

The stopping distance of a vehicle is broken up into _____ distance

and ______ distance

Factors affecting stopping distance of a vehicle:

 

Poorly _______ vehicles

Adverse ____ conditions

Tiredness, _____, or drugs

Momentum is a ______ quantity

Symbol for momentum

Units of momentum

When two objects of equal mass and opposite velocity collide, they are both at ____

This is because the total momentum is ______

Or _______

In a _____ system,

The total momentum ______ an event

is _____ to the momentum ______ an event

RPA:

An ______ object will return to its original shape when a force is removed from it

Increase in length from its original

_______'s law:

The extension of a spring is _______ proportional

If a force is too big, the object may extend more than predicted. It has exceeded its _____ of _______

Sound waves, water waves are examples of ______ waves

These are ______ which travel through a _____

Light waves, radio waves, microwaves are examples are _______ waves

Where direction of oscillations are parallel to direction of energy transfer

Where oscillations are perpendicular to direction of energy transfer

The maximum displacement of a wave

The bigger the amplitude of the wave, the more _____ the waves carry

The distance between two equivalent points on adjacent waves

The number of waves that pass a fixed point every second

Unit for question above

The change in direction of a wave when they cross a boundary between one medium and another medium

EM spectrum:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speed of light (m/s)

Light form ordinary lamps and the sun is called

Because it contains ____ colours from the visible light spectrum

The _____ an object is, the more infrared radiation it will emit

_______ fibres in communication use infrared instead of visible light

This is because infrared is _______ ____ than visible light in glass fibres

Remote control handsets for __s

Infrared scanners used in _______

They detect _______ in the body

These (above) can mean the skin below is ________

Infrared ______ to see people in the dark

Microwaves have a ______ wavelength than radio waves

They are useful for _______

This is because they can pass through the ______

They can also heat ____

They send out waves of the same frequency as the __________ of water

Radio waves carry TV, radio and _____ _____ signals

__________ also uses radio waves for connecting to a mouse or headphones and has a range of __ metres

The shorter the wavelength: The more _______ they can carry due to there being more waves in a given time period.

The shorter their _____ due to increased absorption from the atmosphere

The less they ______ out

An ________ supplies carrier waves to the transmitter in the form of alternating current.

The audio signal is supplied to the transmitter where it is used to modulate the carrier waves. The ________ carrier waves are supplied to the transmitter ariel.

The varying alternating current supplied to the ariel causes it to emit radio _____ which carry the audio signal

When the radio waves are absorbed by a receiver _____, an alternating current is induced in the receiver ariel, which causes oscillations in the receiver.

Optical fibres are more ______ as the signals stay in the fibre

UV waves carry more energy than _____ _____ waves

UV rays can cause ______....

...and skin ______

X-____ are very short wavelength and carry much more energy per second than longer wavelengths

X-rays are produced when ______ or other particles moving at high speeds are ______

Gamma rays are produced when the _____ in radioactive substances ______

Gamma has a shorter wavelength than X-rays so can _______ substances more than X-rays can

Exposing food to gamma rays can kill __% of disease carrying organisms

Exposing surgical ______ in plastic wrappers kills an bacteria on them

X-rays and gamma rays passing through substances can _____ electrons out of atoms

The atoms become ______ because they loose electrons

This process is called _______

________ to too many X-rays and gamma rays is dangerous and increases the risk of ______

High _____ kill living cells and low _____ cause gene mutation and cancerous growth

An X-ray can pass through ____ ______

But they are absorbed by _____, teeth and metal objects which aren't too thin

The parts of the film which the X-rays reach become ______ than other parts

An organ that consists of soft tissue can be filled with a substance called a _____ _____

For example, to obtain a radiograph of a stomach, a patient will be given a _____ meal beforehand

(The element above) is a ____ absorber of X-rays

____ plates between the patient and the tube stop X-rays from reaching other parts of the body

The _______ ____received by a person is a measure of how much damage has been done to their body by ionising radiation

The dose depends on: The ____ of radiation used

How ____ the body is exposed to it

The energy per ______ absorbed by the body from the radiation

Radiation dose is measured in _______ (you don't need to know)

Everyone is exposed to ________ radiation

Like charges ______

Unlike charges ______

Any ____ or _____ object can be magnetised

The region around a magnet

Any other magnetic material placed in this space experiences a _____ caused by the first object

Iron filing and plotting compasses ______ themselves along magnetic field lines

The lines are more ________ at the poles

The field lines go from ______ to ______

An unmagnetised material can be magnetised by placing it in a ______ ______

The magnetic field is said to ______ magnetism

The force is always _______ whichever end of the bar magnet is closest to the bar magnet

When an ______ ______ passes along a wire, a magnetic field is set up around the wire

You can use _____ ____ grip rule

A _______ is a long coil of insulated wire

The magnetic field: Increases in strength when ______ is increased

________ its direction when current is _______

The magnetic field is much _______ than if the wire was straight

The field lines are _______ to the axis of the solenoid...

...and they are all in _______ direction

The field lines outside of a solenoid are like a bar magnet but instead each field line is a _______ ____ as it passes through the solenoid

An _________ is a solenoid where the insulated wire is wrapped around an iron core.

The magnetic field of the wire _______ the iron bar

When the current is _______ off, the iron bar loses most of its magnetism

The ______ effect

Where a force can act on a ____ in a magnetic field when a current is passed through a ____.

The size of the force can be increased by: increasing the _____

Using a ______ magnet

The force is greatest when the wire is _______ to the magnetic field

Zero when the magnetic field lines are _______ to the wire

Rule used to find the direction of the force

The magnetic ____ _______is the measure of the strength of the magnetic field

The symbol is _

And the unit is (T)

The size of the force on a conductor: The ______ through the conductor

The ______ of the conductor

The ________ ____ ______ of the magnetic field

You need to know how an electric motor works including the _____-____ communicator