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Radical Reactions (Organic Chemistry)
Info from Klein 4e
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Last updated: June 1, 2024
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| First submitted | June 1, 2024 |
| Times taken | 22 |
| Average score | 66.7% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. What picture best represents homolytic bond cleavage?
2. What picture best represents heterolytic bond cleavage?
Homolytic bond cleavage is when each element in the bond receives an electron. To show the movement of individual electrons (not an electron pair) we need to use fishook arrows
3. radicals have (effectively) a __________ geometry and are (effectively) ___ hybridized
Experimental evidence shows radicals are either trigonal planar or have a very shallow, rapidly inverting pyramid
trigonal planar, sp2
trigonal pyramidal, sp3
trigonal planar, sp3
linear, sp
4. Which radical is the most stable?
hyperconjugation
Methyl
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
5. Which is the most stable radical?
conjugation. benzylic>allylic>tertiary
primary
benzylic
allylic
tertiary
6. Least stable radical?
secondary
primary
methyl
vinylic
7. What are the three basic stages of a radical reaction?
alkylation, Friedel-crafts acylation, Nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Initiation, propagation, and termination
bromination, nucleophilic attack, homolytic cleavage
coupling, hydrogen abstraction, halogen abstraction
8. What is a radical initiator?
an enzyme that cleaves a radical
light
death
A compound with a weak bond that uundergoes homolytic bond cleavage with ease
9. What is a radical inhibitor
activation energy
alkyl peroxides
light
A compound that prevents a chain process from getting started or continuing
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