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Clearing Agents

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yannnnn
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Last updated: May 2, 2026
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First submittedJanuary 25, 2026
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It is not carcinogenic but highly concentrated emit fumes that are toxic upon prolonged exposure
Toluene
Highly flammable
xylene, benzene
Causes minimum shrinkage of tissues
clove oil
Cheap and does not extract out aniline dyes
xylene
Recommended for CNS tissues and cytological studies (esp. Smooth muscles and skin)
cedarwood oil
Very expensive and it requires 2 changes in clearing solution
cedarwood oil
The most rapid clearing agent
xylene
It is recommended for tough (skin, fibroid and decalcified tissues) and large tissue specimens
chloroform
Usual clearing time of xylene
1/2-2 hours
Clearing time of benzene
15-60 minutes
Dehydrates and clears at the same time since it is miscible in both water and paraffin
Tetrahydrofuran
Its quality is not guaranteed due to its tendency to be adulterated
clove oil
It acts slower than benzene and is expensive
Toluene
Recommended for clearing embryos, insects and very delicate specimens since it clears 70% alcohol without excessive tissue shrinkage and hardening
aniline oil
If tissue or section is incompletely dehydrated, it becomes milky
xylene
Best for nervous tissue, lymph nodes, granulation tissue, and fetal and other delicate, highly cellular specimens, all of which tend to become distorted and to break up on sectioning if cleared in xylene, toluene, or benzene
chloroform
Toxic on prolonged exposure
CCl4
It becomes milky on prolonged storage
cedarwood oil
clearing time of chloroform
6-24 hours
It does not make tissues transparent and it is toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic) after prolonged inhalation
chloroform
Urgent biopsy clearing time of xylene
15-30 minutes
Clears both Paraffin and Celloidin sections
cedarwood oil
Substitute to xylene or benzene
toluene
It is slower in action than xylene, but causes less brittleness
chloroform
clearing time of cedarwood oil
2-3 days
These are slow-acting clearing agents that can be used when double embedding techniques are required.
Methyl benzoate
Rapid acting, recommended for urgent biopsies and routine purposes
benzene
Carcinogenic or may damage bone marrow (Aplastic anemia; If antibiotic: Chloramphenicol)
benzene
Not suitable for routine purposes because it is expensive
clove oil
It removes aniline dyes and dissolves Celloidin; Tissues become brittle
clove oil
Block size for xylene
<5 mm
Properties are very similar to chloroform but it is cheaper
CCl4
Gives the widest latitude
chloroform
Quality is not always uniform and good and is extremely slow
cedarwood oil
It causes considerable hardening and shrinkage of tissues; hence, is not suitable for nervous tissues and lymph nodes.
xylene
It is miscible with absolute alcohol and paraffin
xylene, toluene, benzene
An excellent and true clearing agent
xylene
Clearing time of toluene
1-2 hours
It is the best of the traditional clearing agents for routine use
chloroform
Can be used with celloidin sections
xylene
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