Bio Resources: Aquaculture

A Level Environmental Science revision

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Last updated: June 1, 2025

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First submitted	June 1, 2025
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Hint	Answer
Fish group A (2)	Salmon, Trout
Fish A profiles	High Oxygen
Fish A profiles	Cool temperatures
Fish A profiles	Carnivores
Fish A profiles	IMTA
Fish A profiles	Polyculture predators
Fish group B (2)	Carp, Tilapia
Fish B profiles	Low Oxygen
Fish B profiles	Warm temperatures
Fish B profiles	Herbivores
Fish B profiles	Aquaponics
Fish B profiles	Polyculture non-competitors
Warmer temperatures increase...	Metabolic rates
Warmer temperatures increase...	Growth
Warmer temperatures decrease...	Dissolved oxygen
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Lower temperatures
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Lower stocking density
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Food waste removal
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Faeces removal
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Aeration
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Water sprays
Increasing dissolved oxygen	Weirs
Some farms _______ ______ _______ to _____ ______ and increase _____	Artificially extend daylength, delay maturity, growth
Water fish swim...	Against flow direction
Circular tanks reduce...	Collisions
Circular tanks allow...	High stocking density
Circular tanks maintain...	High yields
Collisions cause...	Injuries
Collisions cause...	Infections
Species selection factors	Local conditions
Species selection factors	Species adaptations
Species selection factors	Market demand
Market demands	Carnivores in MEDCs
Market demands	Herbivores in LEDCs
Herbivore food	Naturally occuring algae/plants
Herbivore food	Plant nutrients
Herbivore food	Crop waste
Carnivore food	Fishmeal pellets of lower economic value fish
Disease control	Circulating tanks
Disease control	Water flow from old to young
Disease control	Lower stocking density
Desireable characteristics	Rapid growth
Desireable characteristics	Disease resistance
Desireable characteristics (2)	Appearance, flavour
Gender control	Young treated with hormones
_________ _____ fish treated with _________ are _________ _____ producing sperm, but __ chromosomes only produce _____ ______	Genetically female, testosterone, functioning males, XX, female offspring
Rainbow trout:	Females have better flavour
Tilapia:	Males are more energy efficient
Triploid fish	High pressure or temperatures cause eggs to retain a chromosome it would normally expel

Hint	Answer
Intensive systems prioritise	Productivity
Intensive systems prioritise	Profitability
Polyculture examples	Non-competitors
Polyculture examples	Larger predators prevent over reproduction
Polyculture examples	Bottom feeders resuspend nutrients
Polyculture examples	Wrasse eat lice
IMTA features	Fed aquaculture
IMTA features	Inorganic extractive
IMTA features	Organic extractive
______ ____ and ______ ____ fall to ____ ______	Organic waste, uneaten food, filter feeders
_________ absorb _______ and _________ from decomposition	Macroalgae, ammonia, phosphates
Fed aquaculture example (2)	Salmon, shrimp
Aquaponics	Circulates water between hydroponics and aquaculture systems
Aquaculture provides...	Organic matter
Aquaculture provides...	Inorganic nutrients
Crops reduce...	Nutrients that would cause deoxygenation
Fish farm location impacts	Habitat destruction
Fishmeal overfishing caused...	Predator decline
Fishmeal species	Sandeel
Predator species	Puffins
Overfishing controls	Herbivore cultivation
Overfishing controls	Plant-based pellets
Plant-based diets may reduce	Flavour
Predator controls	Culling
Predator controls	Decoys
Predator controls	Netting
Antibiotic resistant bacteria controls	Lower stocking density
Parasitic lice reduce...	Fish growth
Parasitic lice increase...	Risk of infections
Lice controls	Pesticides
Lice controls	Wrasse
Pesticide controls	BCA
Pesticide controls	Mechanical cage cleaning
Pesticide controls	Pesticide choice
Organochlorides :(	B+B
Organophosphates :)	Low persistance
Organophosphates :)	Low B+B
Pyrethroids :(	High fish toxicity
Neonicotinoids :(	Water soluble
Neonicotinoids :(	Relatively persistant
Organic waste impacts	Deoxygenation
Organic waste impacts	Eutrophication
Organic waste controls	Avoid over-feeding
Organic waste controls	Bacteria in reed beds
Organic waste controls	Location where currents disperse
Escapee controls	Cage design
Escapee controls	Triploid fish
Escapee controls	Species selection
_________ ______ cannot breed in the UK because it is too ___	Japanese oysters, cold

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