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Hint
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Answer
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Demersal trawls damage...
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Benthic organisms
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Demersal trawls mix...
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Aerobic and anaerobic sediments
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Coral reef impacts
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Polyps pressed against sharp coralite cup
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Coral reef impacts
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Slow recovery rate
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Seagrass beds found in...
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Shallow, sandy, tropical seas
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_________ kills _______, ___ no longer ___ ___, ______ move sand, difficult for new plants to ______
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Disturbance, seagrass, roots, bind sand, currents, colonise
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Catch quotas
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Limit on total weight that can be landed
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Discard bans aim to...
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Encourage selective methods
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Diagonal mesh allows...
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Greater elasticity
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Diagonal mesh increases...
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Safety for boats
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Escape panel mesh is
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Square
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Turtle Exclusion Devices
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Spring loaded escape panels
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Acoustic deterrant devices
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Warning high frequencies
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Fishing effort restrictions
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Boat size
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Fishing effort restrictions
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Engine power
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Fishing effort restrictions
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Fishing days
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Fishing effort restrictions (extreme)
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Compensation for decomissioning
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Bans
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Demersal trawling near sensitive ecosystems
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Bans
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Drift net length
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NTZs stop...
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Extractive activities
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NTZs protect
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Breeding populations of vulnerable species
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Turtle bycatch controls
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Reducing trawling time increases survival rate
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Turtle survival rate <10mins
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99%
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Minimum catch size reason
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Allows young to grow and breed
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Maximum catch size reason
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Ensures surviving breeding population
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Protected individuals may be...
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Known to breed
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______ ______ with a _-____ in their tail are ______ ___
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Female lobsters, v-notch, carrying eggs
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Female lobsters in ________ cannot be ______ if _______ is over ___
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Scotland, landed, carapace, 145mm
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Captive rearing and release:
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Population seeding
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Captive rearing and release:
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Release of adults raised from eggs or larvae in captivity
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Most marine young spend their first few weeks _____ in ______ before ______ in the ______ to ______
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Drifting, plankton, settling, seabed, colonise
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Planktonic egg and larvae death
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Eaten by predators
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Planktonic egg and larvae death
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Failure to find food
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Planktonic egg and larvae death
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Accidental deaths
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Planktonic egg and larvae death
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Storms
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Planktonic egg and larvae death
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Currents
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_____ _______ ___ exceeds rate needed to ______ _________
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Natural breeding rate, sustain populations
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Surplus above ______ ______ will die as _____ ________ factors increase _______ ____
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Carrying capacity, density dependant, mortality rates
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Species are vulnerable to overfishing if they...
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Reach catchable size before maturity
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For example...
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Atlantic Cod
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For example...
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Tuna
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