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Description
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Term
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The proportion of additional income that people spend on imported goods and services
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Marginal Propensity to Import (MPM)
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Where an increase or decrease in aggregate demand has a cumulative effect on the economy through the successive spending rounds it causes
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Multiplier Effect
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That which has been contributed to by an ageing population relying more on low retirement pensions, technological progress causing jobs to become more skilled - increasing high-end wages, and globalisation causing the outsourcing of low skilled labour
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Income Inequality
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An addition to a stock such as putting money into a savings account
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Inflow
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That circumstance of households, firms, governments, &c. that made the 2007-08 recession so deep and slow to recover by reducing consumption and investment
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Over-indebtedness
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to foreign trade
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Imports and Exports
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That which a country might not want due to the international pressure it will bring upon them to reduce it, such was the case leading up to the trade war between the United States of America and People's Republic of China
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Current Account Surplus
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Monetary and fiscal policies designed to increase economic activity such as by lowering unemployment
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Reflationary or Expansionary Policies
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That which economic growth can improve as unemployment falls and wages rise, allowing people to increase consumption, particularly of non-necessity products, and potentially increasing home ownership
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Living Standards
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An increase in the productive capacity of an economy, shown as in increase in either actual real gross domestic product of potential real gross domestic product
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Economic Growth
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Policies aimed at increasing supply while reducing government intervention in the economy
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Market-based Supply-side Policies
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The stock of skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by people, making them more productive and innovative
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Human Capital
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That which economic growth can harm as the increased consumption and investment results in more pollution of all types, while also fueling climate change
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Environment
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Where the benefits and opportunities provided by economic growth are incurred by every section of society
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Inclusive Growth
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Where growth and employment are rising, unemployment falling, and the inflation rate beginning to rise
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Recovery or Upturn
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The two types of government policy in alphabetical order
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Demand-side Policy and Supply-side Policy
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Where real national output and the price level (aggregate supply and aggregate demand) are equal
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Macroeconomic Equilibrium
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Those two things that must both increase for economic growth to be sustained, in alphabetical order
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Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to consumers and firms
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Investment and Saving
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That type of fiscal policy that will result in a reduction of the inflation rate ceteris paribus
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Contractionary
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