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Description
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Term
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to consumers and firms
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Investment and Saving
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The phenomenon whereby gross domestic product fluctuates around its underlying trend, following a regular pattern
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Trade/Business Cycle
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to government
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Government Spending and Taxation
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Where the benefits and opportunities provided by economic growth are incurred by every section of society
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Inclusive Growth
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Those two things, the cutting of which, can be both a market-based supply-side policy as well as a fiscal policy as it can increase aggregate supply, in alphabetical order
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Benefits and Taxes
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That position on the government's budget which slows growth as withdrawals exceed injections
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Surplus
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That which is measured by averaging together the income paid by firms, total output, and total expenditure
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Gross Domestic Product
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A process whereby a central bank creates more money (mostly electronically) which it uses to buy financial assets (mostly government bonds) from investment companies which save the money, increasing bank deposits and thus the availability of credit, boosting investment and consumption
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Quantitative Easing
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Those countries, of which it is debated as to whether they should concentrate their resources on achieving economic growth or improving people's basic needs
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Developing Countries
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The accumulation of government borrowing
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Net Debt
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Growth that does not compromise the living standards of future generations
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Sustainable Economic Growth
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A measure of output per unit of capital
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Capital Productivity
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That the supply of which would be increased by investment in education and training, thereby leading to economic growth
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Human Capital
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That, the opportunity cost of which is to forego more consumer goods in the short term, much more noticeable in developing countries due to the small amount of existing spare capacity
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Investment
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That body, influence in the form of voting power at which is much affected by a country's economic growth
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International Monetary Fund
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Measures that make changes to government spending, taxation, and thus borrowing, carried out by HM Treasury
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Fiscal Policy
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The ease and cost with which assets can be turned into cash and used immediately as a means of exchange
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Liquidity
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That type of policy, the primary concern of which is in regards to the government budget deficit or surplus and the taxation and spending that created it
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Fiscal Policy
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Where the effects of economic growth are distributed between sectors, regions, consumption and investment, &c. in a balance way
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Balanced Growth
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The two flows from households to firms in the circular flow, in alphabetical order
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Expenditure and Factor Services
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