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Description
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Term
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Where real national output and the price level (aggregate supply and aggregate demand) are equal
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Macroeconomic Equilibrium
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That which remains fixed until an inflow or outflow increases of decreases it respectively, such as the balance in a savings account
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Stock
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Measures that make changes to the money supply and interest rates as carried out by the Bank of England
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Monetary Policy
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Growth that does not compromise the living standards of future generations
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Sustainable Economic Growth
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The Bank of England's official interest rate, paid to commercial banks and building societies on the reserves with the Bank of England
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Bank Rate
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Monetary and fiscal policies designed to increase economic activity such as by lowering unemployment
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Reflationary or Expansionary Policies
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A process whereby a central bank creates more money (mostly electronically) which it uses to buy financial assets (mostly government bonds) from investment companies which save the money, increasing bank deposits and thus the availability of credit, boosting investment and consumption
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Quantitative Easing
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The ease and cost with which assets can be turned into cash and used immediately as a means of exchange
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Liquidity
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The way in which monetary policy affects general economic decisions such as a rise in the Bank Rate causing a rise in other institutions' interest rates
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Transmission Mechanism
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to foreign trade
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Imports and Exports
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That which might sometimes be a good thing as it allows firms to expand quickly due to the available pool of labour, and imposes discipline on the labour market due to the ability to replace individuals units of labour
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Unemployment
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The lowest point of the trade cycle where growth is very low of negative, employment is low and unemployment high, and there is possibly deflation
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Trough
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A market-based supply-side policy in which restrictions on the free market of labour such as trade unions are reduced or removed
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Labour Market Reform
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That one of the three principal measures from the circular flow of income, expenditure, and output model which best describes how resources are being used in an economy
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Expenditure-side Estimate
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A suggested way of viewing the environmental stock of a country, which like any other capital must be utilised effectively and sustainably
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Environmental Capital
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The two types of government policy in alphabetical order
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Demand-side Policy and Supply-side Policy
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That one of the three principal measures from the circular flow of income, expenditure, and output model which best describes the structure of an economy
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Output-side Estimate
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Policies that are directed at aggregate demand, being either monetary or fiscal
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Demand-side Policies
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The highest point of the trade cycle, where growth and employment are very high and unemployment low, possibly with inflation also being high and increasing
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Boom
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That which economic growth may cause as the increase in consumption increases imports, making less available for export, while the exchange rate may rise making exports more expensive
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Current Account Deficit
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