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Description
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Term
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An increase in a country's ability to produce goods and services because of an increase in the quantity or quality of resources, shown as an outward shift of the the production possibility frontier or aggregate supply curve
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Potential Economic Growth
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Measures that make changes to government spending, taxation, and thus borrowing, carried out by HM Treasury
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Fiscal Policy
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The two main agents in the circular flow, in alphabetical order
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Firms and Households
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The two sets of flows in the circular flow, in alphabetical order
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Goods and Money
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The phenomenon whereby gross domestic product fluctuates around its underlying trend, following a regular pattern
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Trade/Business Cycle
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That one of the three principal measures from the circular flow of income, expenditure, and output model which best describes how resources are being used in an economy
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Expenditure-side Estimate
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The period during which economic growth is below the trend rate, with there being low inflation and higher unemployment
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Slowdown or Recession/Downturn
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The average rate of economic growth that is sustainable over a period of time without causing inflation
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Trend Rate of Growth
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Those policies, the main strengths of which are that; they can enable growth while avoiding inflationary pressure, may not increase government spending, and can result in investment that would not otherwise have happened
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Supply-side Policies
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Policies that are directed the supply, being aimed at improving the efficiency of product and labour markets
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Supply-side Policies
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That type of fiscal policy that will result in a reduction of the inflation rate ceteris paribus
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Contractionary
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A strategy for achieving rapid economic growth through the promotion of export activity, particularly where the domestic market is insufficient alone for such growth
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Export-led Growth
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A measure of output per unit of capital
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Capital Productivity
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An increase in the productive capacity of an economy, shown as in increase in either actual real gross domestic product of potential real gross domestic product
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Economic Growth
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Where real national output and the price level (aggregate supply and aggregate demand) are equal
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Macroeconomic Equilibrium
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Where an economy is producing above maximum potential output such as by workers working overtime
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Positive Output Gap
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A committee of the Bank of England that meets monthly to decide whether to change the Bank Rate by looking at growth rates, the inflation rate, unemployment, the exchange rate, &c.
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Monetary Policy Committee
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Where money flows out of the circular flow in the form of saving (S), taxation (T), and imports (M)
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Withdrawal (W) or Leakage
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A deceleration in the growth rate, though still remaining positive
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Slowdown
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Those countries, of which it is debated as to whether they should concentrate their resources on achieving economic growth or improving people's basic needs
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Developing Countries
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