|
Description
|
Term
|
|
That which - if not sub-contractors - many small firms often act as to larger firms
|
Suppliers
|
|
That which often arises where firms within a particular industry are concentrated within one geographic area such as horse racing in Newmarket, Suffolk
|
External Economies of Scale
|
|
A market situation in which some participants are able to exert some control over prices, with some monopolies and monopsonies being present
|
Imperfect Competition
|
|
Diseconomies of scale that arise from the expansion of an industry in which firms are operating
|
External Diseconomies of Scale
|
|
Actions taken by firms in order to demonstrate their commitment to acting in the public interest, perhaps in order to safeguard their market position, such as by paying fair wages or producing sustainably
|
Corporate Social Responsibility
|
|
Economies of scale that arise from the expansion of an industry in which firms are operating
|
External Economies of Scale
|
|
Internal economies of scale resulting from large firms being able to obtain finance more cheaply and easily due to their creditworthiness
|
Financial Economies
|
|
Where the parent company retains some of the shares in a demerged business
|
Partial Demerger
|
|
Those which are affected by market conditions in that during a slowdown a firm may seek merely to survive, while during a boom it may seek to increase its profits
|
Business Objectives
|
|
That which happens to average fixed costs (AFC) as output increases due to the same cost being dividing between a higher number of units
|
Falls
|
|
That which firms might do so as to ensure their products are being sold, and sold well, while also stifling its rival companies' ability to compete
|
Forward Vertical Integration
|
|
That the position of which, short-run profit maximisation often depends on
|
Trade Cycle
|
|
That which an industry achieves when all firms are earning normal profit, with none making losses as they would exit the market, and none earning supernormal profit as this would incentivise new firms to enter the market
|
Equilibrium
|
|
That which a firm makes when average revenue is exceeded by average cost
|
Loss
|
|
The level of output at which the long-run average cost curve reaches its lowest point, with no further advantage to economies of scale being possible
|
Minimum Efficient Scale
|
|
Costs that do not vary with the level of output, calculated as total cost (TC) - variable cost (VC)
|
Fixed Costs (FC)
|
|
A process by which firms expand by merging with or acquiring other firms
|
Integration or External Growth
|
|
Where the new firms resulting from a demerger have no direct connection to one another
|
Full Demerger
|
|
The which firms might not do so as to; avoid regulatory burdens, minimise overhead costs, maintain flexibility, adaptability, and the close relationship with consumers, maintain quality control, or due to the owner's lifestyle choice
|
Grow
|
|
Those firms concerned with the extraction of raw materials
|
Primary Production
|