Edexcel History 4. The Unification of Germany I

Question or Term

Answer

The conservative Minister President of Prussia from 1850 to 1858 who believed the best way to avoid revolution was to improve the living conditions of peasants and workers, thus prompting sweeping social reforms

That incarnation of a German state otherwise known as the First Reich

A liberal and nationalist German newspaper founded in 1847

A revolution opposing a former one or reversing its results

That social class which particularly resented the restrictions of the political systems in the German states due to their political exclusion, censorship, and the actions of the secret police

The emperor of Austria who abdicated the throne in December 1848 in favour of his nephew Franz Joseph I after uprisings, the failure of his two more liberal manifestos in appeasing protesters, and the defeat of his army in Hungary

That association of German states which was formally re-established in May 1851 as Prussia and Austria faced too much opposition for their alternatives by Austria and the smaller German states respectively

A customs union of many German Confederation states though notably not Austria, which was founded under Prussian leadership in 1834 to facilitate trade between the German states, growing over the 1840's and 50's to include practically all of Germany

That incarnation of a German state otherwise known as the Third Reich

That which was denied to most of the Austrian population under the newly drafted constitution of April 1848, causing protesters to reject it

Question or Term

Answer

An 1832 festival in which 30,000 people gathered to listen to democratic, and German nationalist orators

The idea that the authority of a monarch is directly ordained by God and therefore cannot be challenged or diluted

That population which was Europe's most literate in the early to mid 19th century

The imposition of tariffs on foreign imports so as to protect domestic industry and agriculture, notable for being an Austrian economic policy which isolated them, particularly in comparison to the Prussian controlled Zollverein

An Austrian agreement with the Catholic Church which gave the latter much greater state influence, alienating Protestants and secularists alike

An 1848 plan by Prussian General Radowitz with the approval of what was to become the 'Alliance of the Three Kings' to form a federal Reich based on the Paulskirche Constitution under a Prussian emperor with a special relationship with Austria

Those geographic areas of high population density within the German states in which the 1848 Revolutions were centred

A term used by Karl Marx to refer to the middle classes, usually capitalists, manufacturers, and employers

That body, much weakened due to internal divisions, a lack of legitimacy or international recognition (i.e. France and Russia), being without financial powers or a national army - Prussia being the only state able to fill such a role, Austria and Bavaria having refused - and a lack of popular support or confidence, being in opposition to the industrial code

A nationalised Prussian organisation that owned engineering plants, textile mills, and chemical works, involved in exporting goods and trade