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Question or Term
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Answer
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The rallying cry of the anti-1848 Revolution conservatives
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Authority not Majority
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That association of German states which was formally re-established in May 1851 as Prussia and Austria faced too much opposition for their alternatives by Austria and the smaller German states respectively
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German Confederation
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The ability of a territory, nation, people group, &c. to govern and rule itself, as opposed to being controlled by a larger power, as was increasingly demanded by many minorities in the Austrian Empire from the 1840's onwards
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Self Determination
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A pre-parliament formed by 51 representatives of 6 German states in Heidelberg that prepared the way for a permanent German-wide parliament during the 1848 Revolutions, passing a resolution for an all-German National Assembly in April as well as some democratic reforms
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Vorparlament
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He who considered liberalism and nationalism to be the forces of destruction
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Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773 - 1859)
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A code put forward by the Artisan Congress in Frankfurt during the 1848 revolutions that sought to protect the restrictive nature of the guild system, to opposition from the Frankfurt Parliament, discrediting the latter in the eyes of many artisans and craftsmen
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Industrial Code
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Political views commonly linked to the middle classes and broadly in favour of progress, reform, and free trade, as opposed to absolutism
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Liberalism
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That which was denied to most of the Austrian population under the newly drafted constitution of April 1848, causing protesters to reject it
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Franchise
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The King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 - later Emperor of Germany - who was a devout Protestant and absolutist, appointing a joint liberal and conservative ministry on becoming regent in 1858, though allowing it no significant role in government
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William I (1797 - 1888)
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An Austrian agreement with the Catholic Church which gave the latter much greater state influence, alienating Protestants and secularists alike
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1855 Concordat
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Identification with one's nation which is held central to all political activity and decision making
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Nationalism
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The electoral issue that divided the Prussian right-wing liberals and left-wing liberals due to debate over whether or not widening it would invite revolution
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Franchise
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That Prussian electoral system which caused much over-representation of middle class liberals within the electorate and in the legislature
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Three Class System
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A confederation of 16 French client states in western, central, and southern Germany from 1806 to 1813
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Confederation of the Rhine
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That war in which Prussia remained neutral thus preserving its relations with Russia, Great Britain, and France
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Crimean War
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That revolution in which the principal demands were for an elected representative government and the unification of Germany
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March Revolution
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He whose - alongside the Austrian Emperor's - initial response to the March Revolution was to send in cavalry to crush the protests, which caused a large scale armed response from the city's working class population
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Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773 - 1859)
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That body, much weakened due to internal divisions, a lack of legitimacy or international recognition (i.e. France and Russia), being without financial powers or a national army - Prussia being the only state able to fill such a role, Austria and Bavaria having refused - and a lack of popular support or confidence, being in opposition to the industrial code
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Frankfurt Parliament
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An indecisive parliament consisting mostly of liberals - though a third of members being radicals - elected in April 1848 under the new Prussian liberal ministry, first meeting in May with the task of drawing up a new constitution, which steadily lost authority and support over the course of the year
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Prussian National Assembly
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That solution to the German Question that the Frankfurt Parliament voted in favour of in October 1848 only for Austrian Minister President Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg to reject it due to the indivisibility of the Austrian Empire
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Großdeutschland
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