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Edexcel History 4. The Unification of Germany I

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Last updated: July 24, 2019
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First submittedJuly 20, 2019
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Question or Term
Answer
He who considered liberalism and nationalism to be the forces of destruction
Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773 - 1859)
The month in which King Frederick William IV of Prussia appointed a liberal ministry, and made political concessions including agreeing to summoning a constituent assembly elected by universal suffrage to map out a new Prussian constitution, in response to the 1848 Revolution in Prussia
March
That association of German states which was formally re-established in May 1851 as Prussia and Austria faced too much opposition for their alternatives by Austria and the smaller German states respectively
German Confederation
An uprising of republicans and democrats in Baden in April 1848 which was crushed with the support of Bavarian and Prussian troops
Hecker Uprising
The King of Prussia from 1797 to 1840 who limited liberal reforms, allowing provincial diets in 1823 but not a constitution, continuing to rule autocratically
Frederick William III (1770 - 1840)
The Minister President of Prussia from 1810 to 1822 who instituted a wide range of reforms such as opening the civil service to men of all classes, making elementary education universal, secularisation of church lands, &c.
Prince Karl von Hardenberg (1750 - 1822)
The electoral issue that divided the Prussian right-wing liberals and left-wing liberals due to debate over whether or not widening it would invite revolution
Franchise
A term used by Karl Marx to refer to the primarily industrial working classes
Proletariat
That Prussian electoral system which caused much over-representation of middle class liberals within the electorate and in the legislature
Three Class System
That country that accrued a crippling budget deficit causing a decline in investment and thus in industrial growth as a result of the 1848 Revolutions and mobilisation during the Crimean War
Austrian Empire
Question or Term
Answer
A declaration by 51 representatives from Prussia, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, Nassau, and Frankfurt, published in March 1848 calling for the creation of a German-wide meeting to discuss proposals for political reform
Declaration of Heidelberg
The proportion by which Prussian foreign trade, railway building, and industrial development grew in the 1850's due to plentiful resources of chemicals, coal, iron, &c., good education, the Zollverein, and efficient transport networks
Double
A solution to the German Question that would include within the borders of a united Germany, all German states though to the exclusion of the entire Austrian Empire, leaving Prussia as the dominant German power
Kleindeutschland Solution
A leading Austrian diplomat, Foreign Minister from 1809 until 1848 and Minister President from 1821 until 1848, known for his abject conservatism, and the political system he led the way in formulating in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars
Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773 - 1859)
The phrase reputedly said by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in describing the German crown offered to him by the Frankfurt Parliament, which he refused due to its illegitimacy, and that it would have antagonised other powers and bound him to a constitutional body he had no wish to encourage
Crown from the Gutter
An 1849 agreement to join in union (Erfurt Union) between the kings of Prussia, Saxony, and Hanover, the latter two of which reserved the right to abandon said union unless all other German states excluding Austria joined
Alliance of the Three Kings
An 1817 festival celebrating the tercentenary of Luther's stand against the Pope and the fourth anniversary of victory at Leipzig that 500 nationalist students turned into a demonstration against the German princes
Wartburg Festival
The number of German states in the Holy Roman Empire at the end of the 18th century?
Over 300
The idea that the authority of a monarch is directly ordained by God and therefore cannot be challenged or diluted
Divine Right
An 1859 war in which France and Sardinia defeated Austria in no small part due to a prolonged lack of military investment and reform, the latter losing much of its Italian territory
Second Italian War of Independence
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