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Question or Term
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Answer
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The practice of providing for people's needs without giving them rights or responsibilities
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Paternalism
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A movement which saw alcohol and drunkenness as barriers to working class improvement
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Temperance Movement
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The percentage of the population of Birmingham living in back-to-backs in 1801
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67%
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Historians who have emphasised the way in which the industrial revolution damaged lives and people's opportunities
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Pessimists
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An organisation representative of trade unions nationally, founded in 1868 with the convening of a general trades congress of 24 delegates representing 118,000 union members by Samuel Nicholson, president of the Manchester and Salford Traders Council, largely shunned by the London Traders Council
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Trades Union Congress
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The form in which wages were frequently paid
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Truck Tickets
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The percentage of workers under the age of 19 in 1842
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33%
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The year that the Bank of England was founded
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1694
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The new model union leaders who acted as a sort of cabinet for the trade union movement in the 1860's
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Junta
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A worker opposed to strikes and militancy, as well as those brought in to break up strikes (strike breakers)
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Knobstick/Nob/Black-un
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William Cartwright's mill at Brighouse, West Riding of Yorkshire, which was unsuccessfully attacked by 200 Luddites in April 1812 resulting in the deaths of two Luddites
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Rawford Mill
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Combinations of workers offering mutual protection through benefits such as insurance which sometimes acted as a cover for activities more akin to those of trade unions
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Friendly Societies
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The percentage of workers under the age of 20 in 1821
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49%
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Study which relates the cooperative movements social equality with economic practices
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Cooperative Economics
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An owner or manager of industrial and/or business enterprise whose initiatives helps to increase productivity and profit
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Entrepreneur
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The percentage of land enclosed between 1750 and 1830, mostly located in the Midlands
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20%
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The first factory to use a power loom for weaving cloth, which was attacked and burnt down by hand-loom weavers
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Grimshaw's of Manchester
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The increase in the membership of friendly societies from 1801 to 1850?
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600,000 to 2,800,000
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An act that required 3 hours schooling a day for those 8 to 13 years old, limited working to no more than 6 and a half hours a day for those aged 8 to 13, and 12 hours a day for women, and required dangerous machinery to be fenced
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1844 Factory Act
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An act introduced by Sir Robert Peel the elder applying to apprentices and overseen by justices of the peace, which though poorly enforced limited working hours to 12 hours a day, forbade night working, required ventilation and cleanliness, and required some education
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1802 Factory Act
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