|
Question or Term
|
Answer
|
|
That body that changed with the extension of the franchise in that it lost much of its power and hereditary nature under the 1911 and 1949 Parliament Acts and 1999 House of Lords Act, becoming subservient to the elected lower house
|
House of Lords
|
|
That approach to comparative politics which is most useful for comparing constitutions
|
Structural Approach
|
|
Those parties the similarities between which are that they both oppose big government, favour lower taxation, support strong law and order and high defence spending, and promote equality of opportunity rather than equality of outcome, alphabetically
|
Conservatives and Republicans
|
|
That body that changed with the extension of the franchise in that it became directly elected per the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, thus preserving the equal powers of the two chambers
|
Senate
|
|
That the strengths of which are that it is the supreme house, the executive is drawn from and accountable to it, it has influential select committees, and can question and debate ministers directly
|
House of Commons
|
|
Those two roles regarding law held in the UK by three officials none of whom are part of the judiciary, all instead being part of the executive and legislature, namely; the dual office of Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice, the Attorney General, and their subordinate the Solicitor General, alphabetically
|
Advise and Oversight
|
|
That approach to comparative politics the basis for which is the belief that political outcomes are largely determined by the shared ideas, values, and beliefs of different groups, which serve to drive the behaviour of their members and subscribers
|
Cultural Approach
|
|
That over the executive which is mostly undertaken in Parliament in the form of Question Time, committee hearings, and policy debates
|
Oversight
|
|
Those, five of which are used in the UK, namely; first past the post (general elections), additional member system (Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly, Greater London Assembly), single transferable vote (Northern Ireland Assembly), alternative vote (Scottish local by-elections), and the supplementary vote (Mayor of London)
|
Electoral Systems
|
|
That over the executive which is mostly undertaken in Congress in the form of committee hearing and appointment confirmations
|
Oversight
|
|
That the basis for which in the UK is evolution within a culture dominated by a belief in constitutional monarchy, a deferential class system, and an established church
|
Constitution
|
|
Those two things which US pressure groups structurally have more opportunities for than their UK counterparts as there are many more elections with greater frequency, an elected head of government, both chambers of Congress being elected, an elected governor, elected judges and state legislatures, and primaries for both presidential and congressional elections, alphabetically
|
Electioneering and Endorsing
|
|
That the strengths of which are that it initiates all money bills, draws up articles of impeachment, has powerful standing committees, and has strong constituency links due to the two-year election cycle
|
House of Representatives
|
|
Those two countries in which the location of powers is differentiated in that in the former there is separation of powers (separation of institutions/sharing of powers) where in the latter there is fusion of powers, the executive being drawn from the legislature and the legislature being able to dismiss the government
|
USA and UK
|
|
That process which is different between the US and UK in that when such in the former is submitted by the President with the help of the Office for Management and Budget, it goes through months of protracted negotiations with Congress, while in the latter, it is usually 'rubber stamped' by Parliament
|
Budgetary Process
|
|
That which in the US have not always been effectively protected by constitutional provisions, laws, amendments, and rulings as such measures have not always been implemented effectively (i.e. not prosecuting Southern lynch mobs), have sometimes infringed on others' rights (affirmative action), or have not gone far enough
|
Civil Rights
|
|
That which it is often said Parliament does concerning legislation due to much greater executive power and party unity, in contrast to Congress truly passing it
|
Legitimation
|
|
That court which in the UK lacks the fundamental ability to overrule Parliament or strike down Acts of Parliament unlike its US counterpart
|
Supreme Court
|
|
That approach which is useful for comparing legislatures in that such bodies are comprised of individuals able to act in their own interest to different degrees, i.e. the Lords are free of executive and constituency constraints than the Senate, while Representatives are more free of executive pressure than MPs
|
Rational Approach
|
|
Those two parties the origins of which are differentiated in that the former arose out of the landed aristocracy while the latter arose in opposition to slavery and in the turmoil of the civil war
|
Conservatives and Republicans
|
