Edexcel Politics 10. Comparative Approaches

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That approach to comparative politics the basis for which is the belief that political outcomes are largely determined by the shared ideas, values, and beliefs of different groups, which serve to drive the behaviour of their members and subscribers

An approach to comparative politics focused on shared ideas within a political group or system, useful for comparing the role of value held by; religious group, pressure groups, party factions, parties, etc.

That country's Supreme Court the membership of which is composed of 9 Justices with life tenure appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, who all hear cases unless recused, presided over by the Chief Justice, and removable only by impeachment and trial

Those, five of which are used in the UK, namely; first past the post (general elections), additional member system (Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly, Greater London Assembly), single transferable vote (Northern Ireland Assembly), alternative vote (Scottish local by-elections), and the supplementary vote (Mayor of London)

That approach to comparative politics which best examines why different parties support or oppose state funding

That approach to comparative politics which is most useful for comparing legislatures and executives

Those parties the similarities between which are that they both oppose big government, favour lower taxation, support strong law and order and high defence spending, and promote equality of opportunity rather than equality of outcome, alphabetically

That body that changed with the extension of the franchise in that it lost much of its power and hereditary nature under the 1911 and 1949 Parliament Acts and 1999 House of Lords Act, becoming subservient to the elected lower house

Those two parties that are differentiated in the fact that the former supports limited abortion, same-sex marriage, renewable energy, national healthcare, and limited government involvement in education, while opposing capital punishment, all the reverse of the position of the latter

That increasingly asserted power of the UK courts that has seen many pressure groups start to more heavily lobby the judiciary

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That the strengths of which are that it is the supreme house, the executive is drawn from and accountable to it, it has influential select committees, and can question and debate ministers directly

That the strengths of which are that it is somewhat more socially representative, has more experience and expertise, is less constrained by discipline, has high quality debate, it is not subject to constituents' whims, and it provides continuity due to life appointments

Those bodies with less lobbying power in the US compared to the UK due to the proportion of the population whom are members let alone affiliated with the AFL-CIO being much smaller

That over the executive which is mostly undertaken in Congress in the form of committee hearing and appointment confirmations

The percentage difference between voting percentages for each party in the US and their subsequent representation in the House of representatives, having increase by 2% since the 2010 reapportionment

Those that have become constitutionalised in the US though not necessarily codified by amendments, examples being two-term limits for the President (codified in the 22nd Amendment), judicial review by the Supreme Court, the Executive Office of the President, congressional committees, etc.

That which in the UK the modern form of which was given rise to by the three structural changes of the Troubles, Devolution, and EU Membership (UKIP, Brexit Party)

Where a more recent UK act contradicting an earlier one, supersedes it unless concerning a point of constitutional/fundamental law which much be repealed expressly

That which in the UK is most often directed at the executive branch due to the fusion of powers and its pre-eminence unlike in the US where it is aimed equally at congressional committees, executive departments, and the Supreme Court

That which is structurally different in Parliament from Congress as a vote in the former can bring down an entire government while a veto in the latter can impeach a member of the executive only for them to be automatically succeeded by another