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Question or Term
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Answer
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Pressure groups that represent the common interest of their members (trade unions, business groups, etc.) such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) or the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisations (AFL-CIO)
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Sectional Groups
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Presidential primaries in which delegates are awarded to the candidates in proportion to the votes they get above a certain threshold, used in all Democrat and most Republican primaries
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Proportional Primaries
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That group the types of which are; business/trade groups, labour unions and agricultural groups, professional groups, and intergovernmental groups, the last of which lobbies one level of government on behalf of another such as the National Governor's Conference
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Sectional Groups
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That in the US which is caused by first past the post, the broad all-encompasing ideological nature of the parties, and a reduced need to protest voting due to primaries making the major parties responsive to the electorate
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Two Party System
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Those in which more ideological candidates such as Bernie Sanders perform well as turnout is low, often consisting of only the most ideological members
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Caucuses
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That party which can be divided into four main factions; social conservatives (Christian right), fiscal conservatives (Tea Party), compassionate conservatives (George W. Bush), and moderates, the last of these dwindling in number
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Republican Party
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Those campaigns which receive most of their funding from candidates, parties, individuals, businesses, and interest groups
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Presidential Election Campaigns
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That the formal functions of which are to choose the presidential and vice-presidential candidates, and decide the party platform, all now obsolete or of little consequence
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National Party Convention
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A policy document put together over six months by a party's national committee with public input, debated, though mostly rubber stamped (to present an appearance of disunity) by the National Party Convention, containing little of consequence, with even less affect on the subsequent administration
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Party Platform
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Federal money given to presidential candidates who met certain criteria and agreed to certain limitations, being the main source of funding from 1976 to 2008, since when no major candidate has signed up
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Matching Funds
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The nine declining formerly industrial Midwestern and Great Lakes states of which Trump won seven in 2016, including four won by Obama in 2008 and 2012
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Rust Belt
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Causal pressure groups concerned with influencing a specific policy area by putting pressure on politicians and government such as the League of Conservation Voters (LCV)
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Policy Groups
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A 1974 post-Watergate act to regulate campaign finance by limiting private and group contributions, establishing expenditure limits, requiring openness about funding sources, and allowing for federal funding to match that raised by candidates as well as the creation of political action committees (PACs)
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Federal Election Campaign Act
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Those of which four are held during a presidential election, three 90 minute presidential debates, and one 90 minute vice-presidential debate
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Televised Presidential Debates
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Those two racial groups which are more inclined to support the Democratic Party over the Republican Party, alphabetically
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African Americans, Hispanics
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The last president not from one of the two major parties, serving from 1850 to 1853 as a Whig
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Millard Fillmore
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An event occurring very late in the presidential election campaign to one candidate's disadvantage, leaving them with little or no time to recover as with the FBI's 2016 reopening of the investigation into Hillary Clinton's emails
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October Surprise
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The faction of the Republic Party that, although somewhat fiscally conservative, is often socially liberal, being ready to compromise with the Democrats
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Moderate Republicans
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Those 2016 primaries in which the polls indicated more of an anti-establishment v establishment agenda rather than ideological battle
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Democratic Primaries
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Those two individuals whose campaigns differed in that the former raised more money, mostly from individuals (71%), many being big donors, as well as 28% from Super PACs, whereas the latter raised less, mostly from individuals (42%), many being small donors, and Super PACs, though 23% was raised from his own money
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Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump
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