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Question or Term
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Answer
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That the weaknesses of which are that it lacks a democratic mandate, its powers are mostly only ones of delay, it has a poor public image, the government often lacks a majority, and it contains Anglican Bishops
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House of Lords
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Those bodies for which the only opportunity above the local level in the UK for electioneering and endorsing are during elections to the House of Commons and devolved administrations, EU elections now having ceased in the UK
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Pressure Groups
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Those two roles regarding law held in the UK by three officials none of whom are part of the judiciary, all instead being part of the executive and legislature, namely; the dual office of Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice, the Attorney General, and their subordinate the Solicitor General, alphabetically
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Advise and Oversight
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Those the disadvantages of which are that they can lead to intra-party power struggles and in-fighting, potentially harming electoral performance
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Party Factions
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That body that changed with the extension of the franchise in that it lost much of its power and hereditary nature under the 1911 and 1949 Parliament Acts and 1999 House of Lords Act, becoming subservient to the elected lower house
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House of Lords
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Those which in the US are differentiated from those in the UK in that they are entrenched in the Constitution and Bill of Rights as well as some later amendments
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Civil Rights
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An approach to comparative politics focused on individuals within a political system, useful for comparing the roles of premiers, cabinets, speakers, key individuals in each branch of government, parties, pressure groups, and the role and actions of the electorate
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Rational Approach
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That party which has been divided into two factions, a democratic socialist wing led by Bernie Sanders, and a moderate wing led by Joe Biden though formally by Hillary Clinton
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Democratic Party
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That which is stronger in Parliament than in Congress in that parliamentary sovereignty allows it to make laws and constitutional changes and the supremacy of the Commons prevents gridlock
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Power
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The location of sovereignty in the US and UK respectively
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Constitution and Parliament
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That body which in the US is 33.3% female and 22.2% ethnic minority but in the UK is 16.6% female and 0% ethnic minority
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Supreme Court
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Those two things that are differentiated in that the former sees power but not sovereignty granted to the administrations, while the latter sees the federal government and states as equal, sharing and dividing power and sovereignty
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Devolution and Federalism
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That UK body the defining powers of which are that it is the final court of appeal for UK civil and non-Scottish criminal cases, can interpret but not strike down Acts of Parliament, rules on whether ministers' actions are ultra vires, and is subject to a higher authority in the form of the European Court of Human Rights
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Supreme Court
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That the weaknesses of which are that executive branch officials can appear only before committees, the President very rarely givens direct evidence, it shares legislative power with the House, pays less consideration to constituents due to 6 year election cycles, and experiences gridlock, partisanship, and divided government
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Senate
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That which in the UK is most often directed at the executive branch due to the fusion of powers and its pre-eminence unlike in the US where it is aimed equally at congressional committees, executive departments, and the Supreme Court
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Lobbying
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Those two things which US pressure groups structurally have more opportunities for than their UK counterparts as there are many more elections with greater frequency, an elected head of government, both chambers of Congress being elected, an elected governor, elected judges and state legislatures, and primaries for both presidential and congressional elections, alphabetically
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Electioneering and Endorsing
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An approach to comparative politics focused on shared ideas within a political group or system, useful for comparing the role of value held by; religious group, pressure groups, party factions, parties, etc.
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Cultural Approach
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That which is differentiated from Parliament in that there is; no government legislative programme, less party discipline, many more bills are introduced - many by individual members -, few bills pass, the committee stage is earlier with standing committees being permanent and policy specialist, bills are considered concurrently by both chambers which have equal powers and are elected, and the head of state has significant veto power of it
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Congress
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The different types of sovereignty and emphasised by the US and UK respectively, the former in the form of initiatives, primaries, and very regular elections, and the latter in the form of an appointed upper house, unelected head of government and no popular candidate selection
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Popular and Parliamentary
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That approach to comparative politics which is most useful for comparing constitutions
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Structural Approach
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