Cardiovascular and Renal Pharmacology

Blocks NKCC in TAL Hypokalaemia Venodilation Uric Acid Retention Ca + Mg Excretion

Blocks Na-Cl Cotransport in DCT Hypokalaemia Uric Acid retention Ca + Mg Excretion Increases blood glucose

Opens K-ATP for more Insulin Vasodilator

Inhibits ENaC in DCT

Inhibits Aldosterone via carenone salt AldR competition

vs Glaucoma + altitude sickness

Treat Cerebral Oedema (no BBB crossing)

↑Bradykinin (inflam+pain) so use AIIR inhib instead

Prevents Angiotensin 2 action

Medium duration, lengthens AP

Fast, shortens AP

Slow, no AP effects

beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist

Inhibits inwards Na + outwards K prolongs AP and refractory period

L-Type calcium channel blocker

Use dependence

pKA 2.6 (99% unprotonated at normal pH)

pKA 8.5 (less effective at lower pH)

Binds Glu on S6 Domain IV

Prevents inactivation of NaC

Phenylalkylamine

Dihydropyridine

Benzothiazepine

ATP Analogue

Cardiac Glycoside

Cardiac Glycoside

Increase CO but increases O2 demand Use antagonist to reduce adrenergic toxicity

Increases binding to Troponin. Inhibits PDE

Lowers blood glucose as well

 

Activates antiThrombin III Causes thrombocytopenia

Prevents synth of Factors 2,7,9,10 Interacts with food a lot

Treat A-Fib, use prophylactically for surgery

 

TIssue plasminogen activator made from recombinant DNA

From Streptomycin

Plasminogen + anisoylated streptokinase

Ineffective vs homozygous CYP2C19 mutations

Prevents Fibrin and vWF binding

 

 

Leech Saliva homologue

Reduce HIT

Reduce HIT