Chemistry A Level OCR B DF

Where are the products of cracking separated

What catalyst is used

What is the reactor called

What are the hot vaporised hydrocarbons and catalyst forced up by

The mixture in the reactor is a moving ____ ____ where solid particles flow like a liquid

Carbon from the decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules

The catalyst needs to be ____ when this forms on the catalyst surface

After the riser reactor, the mixture passes into a ____

Catalyst goes into regenerator, where the coke is burn off by ____ ____

Energy released from burning coke heats catalyst, and energy transferred to ____

Cracking can occur ____ additional heating

An organic compound that has a double or triple bond between carbon atoms

Substance that speeds up reaction but can be recovered chemically unchanged after

Process of speeding up chemical reaction using catalyst

Catalysts can be changed ____ but not chemically - take some part in the reaction but are regenerated

When reactants and catalysts are in same physical state

Catalyst in reaction between peroxidisulfate (2-) and iodide (I-) = ____ (2+)

Both ions are ____ charged so the reaction takes a lot of energy

It first ____ S2O8 to form 2 sulfate (2-) ions and 2 Fe (3+) ions

Fe (3+) then ____ by the iodide, forming an I2 molecule

Reactants and catalyst are in the ____ state

When reactants and catalyst are in different physical states

When solid catalyst used, reaction occurs on ____ of solid

Reactants form bonds with atoms on catalyst surface - ____ onto surface

Bonds in reactant molecules are therefore ____ and break

New ____ form between the reactants, held close together on catalyst surface

Weakens bonds to catalyst surface and ____ molecules are released

Catalysts need a large ____ ____. Often used in a finely divided form or as a fine mesh

Sometimes supported on ____ material to increase SA and prevent crumbling

What does this happen in

Many heterogeneous catalysts are

When a catalyst is blocked from being able to function properly

In ____ catalysis, poison molecules adsorbed more strongly than reactants

Poison molecules block ____ ____ causing the catalyst to become inactive

This is why ____ petrol can't be used in cars fitted with catalytic converter (lead strongly adsorbed to catalyst)

Catalytic converters help reduce toxic ____ released into air

Convert them into less harmful gases like water vapour or ____ ____

Use expensive metals - cheaper ones more vulnerable to poisoning by trace amounts of ____ ____

If feedstock for Haber process contains sulfur compounds, these must be removed to prevent poisoning of ____ catalyst

When the surface of a catalyst is cleaned and usable again

General formula

Boiling points ____ as number of carbons increases

Single bond

Two electrons are arranged between the atoms in an area of ____ ____ ____

It's called this because of the overlap of ____ orbitals

Double bond contains one of these, and one ____ bond

Consists of two areas of ____ ____, one above and one below the line of the atoms

The four electrons in the ethene double bond give the region between the carbon atoms a higher than normal ____ of negative charge

Positive ions/molecules with partial positive charge are ____ to this region

These ____ react by accepting a pair of electrons from the C=C double bond

When ethene gas is bubbled through bromine, Br becomes ____

Logically deciding movement of electrons using ideas like bond polarity and charges

Br molecule becomes ____ as it approaches the alkene

Electrons in bromine ____ by alkene electrons and pushed back along molecule

The positive bromine atom can now behave as electrophile. Bonds with alkene to form ____

Carbocation is positive and reacts with ____ ion - pair of electrons move from it and bond to positively charged carbon

Molecule with a positive carbon atom

Name of this reaction

Can also shake alkene with bromine water. Water molecules act as ____ so compete with bromide ions

This reaction will produce a ____ - but bromine water still decolorises

Ethene also readily reacts at room temperature with a solution of ____ ____

The ____ will react with a carbon first

Addition of water to an alkene

Occurs at high temperature, high pressure, and in presence of catalyst (____ ____ adsorbed onto solid ____)

Used in industrial manufacture of

In laboratory - ethene converted to ethanol by adding sulfuric acid then ____ with water

H-O-SO3H reacts with ethene to form

This reacts with water to form ethanol and ____ acid

Ethene also reacts with hydrogen. Requires ____ to break strong H-H bond

If ____ catalyst used, can take place under standard laboratory conditions

Nickel also works. Must be finely powdered. Temperature ____C and pressure ____atm

Reaction of ethene with hydrogen

Used to ____ fats and oils

Reaction where this occurs with no byproducts

When more than one monomer is incorporated into the final polymer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

Same molecular formula, atoms bonded together in different order

Same molecular formula, but the longest hydrocarbon chain is not the same

Same molecular formula, functional group in a different place

Same molecular formula, different functional group

Same molecular formula, same structural formula but differ in how atoms arranged in space

Stereoisomers exist because you can't rotate one end of the molecule due to the ____ bond

Average bond ____ to break the bond in ethene is +270kJ/mol

Two highest priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Two highest priority groups are on the same side of the double bond

Molecule with -OH functional group