OCR-B Chemistry Organic Synthesis and Chemical Tests

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Last updated: May 18, 2026

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First submitted	May 18, 2026
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Hint	Answer
alkene => alkane conditions: (1) ____ catalyst	nickel
(2) ____ degrees C temperature	150
(3) ____ atm pressure	5
or ____ catalyst under lab conditions	platinum
alkene => halogenoalkane: react alkene with ____	hydrogen halide
alkene => primary alcohol: react with water and ____	concentrated sulfuric acid
primary alcohol => alkene: (1) ____ catalyst	alumina
(2) ____ degrees C temperature	300
alkene => halogenoalkane: requires the halogen and ____ light	UV/ultraviolet
primary alcohol => halogenoalkane: reflux with (1) sodium ____	halide
(2) ____	concentrated sulfuric acid
halogenoalkane => primary alcohol: reflux with sodium ____	hydroxide
primary alcohol => aldehyde: reflux with ____	acidified potassium dichromate
aldehyde => primary alcohol: react with ____	sodium tetrahydridoborate
aldehyde => carboxylic acid: reflux with ____	acidified potassium dichromate
carboxylic acid => ester: react with alcohol in the presence of ____	concentrated sulfuric acid
ester => carboxylic acid: hydrolyse with ____ acid or alkali	moderately concentrated
carboxylic acid => acyl chloride: reflux with ____	thionyl chloride
acyl chloride => ester: react with ____ at room temperature	alcohol
halogenoalkane => nitrile: reflux with ____ in ethanol	sodium cyanide
halogenoalkane => amine: heat in a sealed tube with ____	concentrated ammonia
nitrile => carboxylic acid: reflux with ____ and water	dilute hydrochloric acid
CN group attached to a carbon atom	nitrile
CN group attached to the same carbon atom as an OH group	cyanohydrin/hydroxynitrile
acyl chloride => primary amide: react with ____ at room temperature	concentrated ammonia
acyl chloride => secondary amide: acylation with a ____	primary amine
Friedl Crafts alkylation: reflux with RCl and ____	aluminium (III) chloride
gives a ____ ring with an R group	benzene
Friedl Crafts acylation: reflux with ROCl or (RCO)2O and ____	aluminium (III) chloride
gives a ____ ring with a COR group	benzene
benzene => benzenesulfonic acid: reflux with ____	concentrated H2SO4
the electrophile here is the ____ ion which is SO2OH+ (formed by losing 1 OH group)	sulfonium
benzene => bromobenzene: react with bromine and ____	iron (III) bromide
benzene => chlorobenzene: react with chlorine and ____	aluminium (III) chloride
benzene => nitrobenzene: ____ mixture forms first	nitrating
react ____ nitric and ____ sulfuric acid to form the NO2+ electrophile	concentrated
keep below ____ degrees C	55
nitrobenzene => phenylamine: reflux with (1) ____	tin
(2) ____	concentrated hydrochloric acid
formation of a diazonium salt or ____	diazotisation
(1) dissolve ____	aromatic amine
in ____	dilute hydrochloric acid
(2) add cold ____	sodium nitrate (III)
unstable ____ forms and reacts with the NH2 group	nitrous acid
keep below ____ degrees C	5
coupling reaction: diazonium compound reacts with a ____	coupling agent
compound containing a relatively reactive benzene ring, usually phenol or phenylamine	coupling agent

Hint	Answer
aldehyde => cyanohydrin: react with HCN or more safely ____	KCN
Mg2+ + excess sodium hydroxide solution	white precipitate
Mg2+ + ammonia solution	white precipitate
Mg2+ + excess sulfuric acid	no change
Ca2+ + sodium hydroxide	white precipitate
Ca2+ + ammonia solution	no change
Ca2+ + excess sulfuric acid	slight white precipitate
Sr2+ + excess sodium hydroxide	slight white precipitate
Sr2+ + ammonia solution	no change
Sr2+ + excess sulfuric acid	white precipitate
Ba2+ + excess sodium hydroxide	no change
Ba2+ + ammonia solution	no change
Ba2+ + excess sulfuric acid	white precipitate
test for ammonium ions: heat with ____	sodium hydroxide
if ammonium is present, ____ will be liberated	ammonia
test for halide ions: react with ____ acid	nitric
and ____	silver nitrate
white precipitate for Cl-, cream for Br-, ____ for I-	pale yellow
solubility of silver halides in ammonia ____ down the group	decreases
test for hydroxide ions: turns ____ litmus paper blue	red
carbonate ion test: add dilute acid and bubble through ____	limewater
if present, limewater turns ____	milky
sulfate ion test: add dilute ____	hydrochloric acid
and ____	aqueous barium chloride
positive result: ____	white precipitate
aqueous NaOH + copper 2+ ions precipitate	blue
aqueous NaOH + iron 2+ ions precipitate	green
aqueous NaOH + iron 3+ ions precipitate	orange-brown
aqueous NaOH + chromium 3+ ions precipitate	green
test for nitrate: heat with ____	sodium hydroxide
and ____ alloy	Devarda's
positive result: ____ gas liberated	ammonia
Li+ flame test colour	bright red
Na+ flame test colour	yellow
K+ flame test colour	lilac
Ca2+ flame test colour	orange red
Ba2+ flame test colour	green
Cu2+ flame test colour	blue green
phenol test: add neutral ____	iron (III) chloride
positive result: turns from yellow to ____	violet
Pb2+ test: react with ____	potassium iodide
positive result is a ____	bright yellow precipitate
Zn2+ test: white precipitate with ____ that dissolves in excess ____	sodium hydroxide
bromine water decolorises in the presence of ____	unsaturation
Fehling's test: warm with Fehling's A and B, positive result is blue solution to ____	brick red precipitate
Tollen's reagent: warm in a test tube, positive result is ____ forms	silver mirror
ammonia gas turns damp red litmus paper ____	blue