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Hint
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Answer
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Types of atmospheric pollution
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Smoke
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Types of atmospheric pollution
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Smog
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Types of atmospheric pollution
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Acid rain
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Types of atmospheric pollution
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Tropospheric ozone
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Types of atmospheric pollution
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Carbon monoxide
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Smoke definition (9 words)
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Atmospheric particulates from incomplete combustion of carbon based materials
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Human sources of PM10
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Power stations
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Human sources of PM10
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Engine emissions
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Human sources of PM10
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Waste incineration
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Human impacts
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Respiratory diseases
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Human impacts
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Carcinogenic
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Plant impacts
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Reduced light penetration
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Plant impacts
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Reduced photosynthesis
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Plant impacts
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Toxic
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How smoke causes respiratory diseases (4 words)
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Kills cilia in bronchioles
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PM10 Legislation + year
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Clean Air Act 1956
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Transport smoke controls
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Diesel particulate filter
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How much PM10 does DPF trap
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80%
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Domestic smoke controls
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Smokeless fuels
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Industrial smoke controls
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Electrostatic precipitators
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Industrial smoke controls
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Cyclone separators
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Industrial smoke controls
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Bag filters
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Industrial smoke controls
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Coal treatment
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Industrial smoke controls
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Efficient combustion technology
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Fabric filters trap...
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99%
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How is coal treated to create smokeless coal (4 words)
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Heated to remove tar
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ESP: ____ gasses are passed through a _______ ________ with _________ charged ____ and ____
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effluent, filtration chamber, electrically, wires, plates
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What charge does PM10 gain in ESP
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Negative
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What is collected from ESP
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Fly ash
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CS (7 words)
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Cylindrical chamber with high speed rotating airflow
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Smog =
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Smoke + Fog
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Fog production (6 words)
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Cooling moist air condenses water vapour
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Event thay intensifies fog
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Temperature inversion
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Effects of smog
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High albedo
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Effects of smog
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Easily inhaled
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Factors in photochemical smog
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Climate
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Factors in photochemical smog
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Vehicle use
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Factors in photochemical smog
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Topography
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Cities prone to smog
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Los Angeles
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Cities prone to smog
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Paris
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Cities prone to smog
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Athens
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Formation of photochemical smog
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NOx and VOCs react in sunlight to create PANs
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VOCs
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Volatile Organic Compounds
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PANs
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Peroxyacetyl Nitrates
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VOC example
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Hydrocarbons
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Controls of photochemical smog
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Control primary pollutants
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Source of Nitrous Oxides (5 words)
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High temperature or pressure combustion
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Source of Nitrous Oxides
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Fertilisers
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Source of Nitrous Oxides
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Power stations
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Source of Nitrous Oxides
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Vehicle engines
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Effects of Nitrous Oxides
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Respiratory diseases
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Effects of Nitrous Oxides
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Heart disease
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Effects of Nitrous Oxides
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Smogs
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Effects of Nitrous Oxides
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Climate change
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Controls of Nitrous Oxides
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Catalytic converters
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Controls of Nitrous Oxides
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Urea sprays
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Controls of Nitrous Oxides
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Low temperature combustion
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Controls of Nitrous Oxides
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Control of fertilisers
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Chemical reduction of NOx
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NOx -> N2 + O2
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Source of Hydrocarbons
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Unburned hydrocarbons
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Source of Hydrocarbons
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Fossil fuel combustion
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Source of Hydrocarbons
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Aerosol propellants
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Source of Hydrocarbons
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Solvents
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Effects of Hydrocarbons
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Smogs
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Effects of Hydrocarbons
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GHGs
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Controls of Hydrocarbons
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Catalytic converters
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Controls of Hydrocarbons
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Efficient combustion technology
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Controls of Hydrocarbons
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Vapour collection and incineration
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Controls of Hydrocarbons
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Activated carbon filters
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Oxidisation of HCs
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HCs +O2 -> H2O + CO2
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Feature of PANs
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Toxic at lower concentrations
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Feature of PANs
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Penetrates deeper tissues
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Effects of PANs
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Heart attack
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Effects of PANs
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Emphysema
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Effects of PANs
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Eye irritation
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Source of tropospheric ozone
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Photochemical breakdown of NOx
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Effects of tropospheric ozone
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Respiratory diseases
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Effects of tropospheric ozone
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Plant toxicity
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Secondary effects of tropospheric ozone (2)
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Acid rain, smog
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Controls of tropospheric ozone
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Control of NOx
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Acid rain pH
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<5.6
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Acids
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Sulfurous acid
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Acids
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Sulfuric acid
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Acids
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Nitric acid
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Acids
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Hydrochloric acid
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Sources of SOx (2)
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Fossil fuels, volcanoes
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Sources of NOx (2)
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Combustion, vehicles
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Sources of HCl (3)
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Fossil fuels, plastics, volcanoes
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Impacts on non-living objects
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Corrodes metal
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Impacts on non-living objects
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Dissolves limestone
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Direct effects of acid rain
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Denatures proteins
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Direct effects of acid rain
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Damages exposed cells
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Direct effects of acid rain
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Dissolves CaCO3 exoskeletons
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Direct effects of acid rain
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Respiratory diseases
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Indirect effects of acid rain
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Leaching
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Indirect effects of acid rain
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Mobilises toxic ions in soil
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Indirect effects of acid rain
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Inhibits nutrient uptake
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Indirect effects of acid rain
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Inhibits enzyme action
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Acid rain controls
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Control primary pollutants
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SOx controls
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Fuel desulfurisation
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SOx controls
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Flue gas desulfurisation
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Natural gas desulfurisation (compound removed)
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Hydrogen sulfide
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Coal desulfurisation: coal is _______ in a ___-_______ ____ that carries coal away, and leaves ___ ________
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Crushed, fast-flowing stream, iron pyrites
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Dry FGD: passed through a bed of X to produce X
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Crushed calcium carbonate, solid calcium sulfur
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Wet FGD: bubbled through X
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Sodium sulfite solution
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Source of carbon monoxide
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Incomplete hydrocarbon combustion
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Effects of carbon monoxide (7 words)
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Binds to haemoglobin, reducing oxygen carrying capacity
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Controls of carbon monoxide
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Catalytic converters oxidise to CO2
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Respiratory disease examples
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Bronchitis
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Respiratory disease examples
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Asthma
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Smog case study +year
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London 1952
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London smog causes
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Anticyclonic weather
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London smog causes
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Low wind velocities
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London smog effects
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12000 deaths
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London smog management
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Legislation
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London smog management (6 words)
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Grants to change domestic heating source
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