Pollution - Solid wastes + Specialist wastes

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Last updated: April 24, 2025

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First submitted	April 22, 2025
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Hint	Answer
SOLID WASTES SAY YAY	YAY
Sources	Mining
Sources	Construction
Sources	Municipal
Sources	Industrial
Sources	Agricultural
Factors in amount	Affluence
Factors in amount	Time of year
Factors in amount	Manufacturing and retail industries
Disposal methods	Landfill
Disposal methods	Incineration
Disposal methods	Recycling
Disposal methods	Compost
Landfill management	Prevent leakage of harmful fluids and gases
Landfill management	Polymer lining
Landfill management	Perimeter fencing
Landfill management	Pest control
Landfill management	Leachate collection
Landfill management	Methane collection
Landfill management	Deoderisation
Landfill management	Separation
Define incineration	Destruction by high temperature oxidation
Advantages	No sorting
Advantages	Electricity or heating
Advantages	Specialist wastes create fuel
For example	Tire derived fuel
Advantages	High temperatures and fast cooling reduce dioxin production
Advantages	Hydrocarbons chemically broken down
Disadvantages	Lost value
Disadvantages	Chlorine organic compounds release dioxins
Disadvantages	Maintenance of flammable or wet waste
Disadvantages	CFCs react with hydrogen to create hydrochloric acid
PIVOT TO SPOIL HEAPS SAY SAY YAY	SAY YAY
Sources	Mining
Sources	Quarrying
Sources	Coal fired power stations
Sources	Incinerators
Management of spoil heaps	Stability
Management of spoil heaps	Drainage
Management of spoil heaps	Nutrients
Management of spoil heaps	Topography
Management of spoil heaps	pH
Management of spoil heaps	Contamination
Management of spoil heaps	Toxic leachates
Management of spoil heaps	Heavy metals
Management of spoil heaps	Flammable wastes
Methods to increase stability (3)	Compaction, concrete rafts, vegetation
Alkaline waste is from ...	Steel
Alkaline waste supports ...	Rare plants
Such as ...	Cowslips
Methods to reduce heavy metals	Crushed lime filter to neutralise
Methods to reduce heavy metals	Covers to prevent particulate matter
Methods to reduce contamination	Phytoremediation
Define	Plants absorb heavy metals
Methods to reduce contamination	Bioremediation
Define	Bacteria digests petrochemicals
Problems with flammable wastes	Hydrocarbons can spontaneously combust
SPECIALIST WASTES SAY YAY AGAIN	YAY AGAIN
Effects of asbestos	Hazardous when it disintegrates and particulates become airborne
Effects of asbestos	Asbestosis
Define	Chronic lung disease
Define (7 words)	Scar tissue thickens alveoli, reducing lung capacity
Effects of asbestos	Specific lung cancer
Controls of asbestos	Double wrapped in heavy duty polythene
Controls of asbestos	Specialised landfill site
Sources of cyanide (CN-)	Paper manufacture
Effects of cyanide	Toxic enzyme inhibitor
Controls of cyanide	Incineration oxidises carbon and nitrogen
Specialist waste method...	Encapsulation
Which waste	Heavy metals and ILW
Method PT1	Mixed with cement slurry
Method PT2	Poured into impermeable container
Specialist waste method...	Vitrification
Which waste	HLW
Method PT1	Powdered and mixed with molten glass
Method PT2	Poured into steel container
Method PT3	Placed in ventilated concrete building

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