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Description
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Term
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A popular method of pricing whereby firms set their price by adding a mark-up to average cost
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Cost-plus pricing
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The point at which an individual firm is in equilibrium in both the short-run and long-run under perfect competition
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MR=MC
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Efficiency at a particular point in time and thus under particular market conditions
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Static efficiency
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The curve that is equal to a firm's average revenue curve
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Demand curve
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The price at which a firm would exit the market
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Shut down price
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A situation in game theory where each player's chosen strategy maximises payoffs given the other player's choice, so that neither has an incentive to alter behaviour
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Nash equilibrium
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Barriers to entry that are built-up by incumbent firms to limit new competition such as limit pricing or high advertising expenditure
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Strategic barriers
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The slope of a demand/average revenue curve under perfect competition
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Horizontal
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That business objective assumed in the models of perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly
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Profit maximisation
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A market in which incumbent firms make only normal profit, being unable to set a higher price without attracting entry due to the absence or limitation of both barriers to entry and sunk costs
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Contestable Market
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A situation in which firms openly cooperate to agree prices or market share
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Overt collusion
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A situation of productive and allocative efficiency where it is not possible to make someone better-off without making another worse-off (depending on the value society places on the goods and services concerned)
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Pareto efficiency
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Where firms focus on competing in a smaller market niche such as plus sized clothing
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Positioning
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That which is achieved in the long-run under perfect competition when average revenue equals average cost
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Equilibrium
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That curve which is equal to the average revenue curve and demand curve under perfect competition in the short-run
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Marginal revenue curve
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That which arises where price equals marginal cost
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Allocative efficiency
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Does an oligopoly achieve productive and/or allocative efficiency?
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No
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That which is achieved with price discrimination where marginal revenue in the different markets is equal to the marginal cost of producing total output
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Profit maximisation
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That which began in March 2020 between OPEC and its ally Russia after the latter refused to reduce its oil production in order to maintain prices during the Coronavirus epidemic
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Price war
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That which barriers to entry and exit can encourage where firms do not face much competition and/or likelihood of being driven out of the market
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Inefficiency
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