2. Ozone to spec

A Level Environmental Science revision

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Last updated: May 17, 2025

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First submitted	May 15, 2025
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Hint

Answer

Ozone layer

12-24km

Effects of UVB: Energy is _______ to _______ _____ as it breaks up _______ _______

Converted, chemical energy, biological molecules

Effects of UVB

Skin cancer

Effects of UVB

Cataracts

Effects of UVB

Leaf damage

Effects of UVB

Kills cyanobacteria

Benefits of cyanobacteria (9 words)

Waterlogged plants rely on cyanobacteria as a nitrogen source

Formation of ozone (10 words)

UV splits diatomic into monatomic, which reacts with another diatomic

Destruction of ozone (10 words)

UV splits ozone into monatomic oxygen and stable diatomic oxygen

CFCs features (10 words)

Non-natural compounds leached into the atmosphere through anthropogenic means

Chlorine and oxygen reactions

Cl + O3 -> ClO + O2

Chlorine and oxygen reactions

ClO + O3 -> Cl + 2O2

Hypothesis suggesting CFCs deplete Ozone + year

Rowland Molina 1974

Protocol reducing CFC usage + year

Montreal Protocol 1987

CFC properties

Persistant

CFC properties

UV dissociation

CFC properties

Chlorine reactions

Antarctic conditions

Low temperatures

Antarctic conditions

Polar stratospheric clouds

Antarctic conditions

Polar vortex winds

Polar stratospheric cloud temperature

-78

Polar stratospheric cloud composition

Ice crystals and NOx or SOx

Polar stratospheric clouds provide... (8 words)

Catalytic surface for chemical reactions to create Cl2

Greatest Antarcic depletion

October

Greatest Antarcic depletion reasons

Seasonal variation

Greatest Antarcic depletion reasons

Light availability

Ozone measurement

Dobson Units

Normal ozone

300 DU

Ozone hole threshold

220 DU

First evidence of ozone depletion

Ground level UV

Location of first evidence + company

Halley Bay, British Antarctic Survey

% less than expected levels +year

40%, 1984

Lowest recorded concentration +year

73, 1994

Antarctic 2015 spike reason

Calbuco volcano, Chile

2016 shrinkage

4x10^6

Measuring ozone

Satellite surveys

Measuring ozone

Stratospheric air samples

How satellites measure depletion

Reflected UV

How air samples are collected

Helium balloons

How air samples are collected

Research aircraft

How air samples provided evidence

Chemical presence

Chemicals in air samples

Chlorine

Chemicals in air samples

Chlorine monoxide

Spatial variability - greatest

Antarctica

Temporal variability - greatest

Spring

Altitudal variability - greatest

Ozone layer

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