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3. The Hydrosphere to spec

A Level Environmental Science
Quiz by
stwvlker
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Last updated: May 17, 2025
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First submittedMay 16, 2025
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Hint
Answer
Water stress /person
1700m3
Water scarcity /person
1000m3
Freshwater %
2.5
Agricultural use %
70
Industrial use %
22
Reasons for increasing demand
Population
Reasons for increasing demand
Affluence
Reasons for increasing demand
Commercial agriculture
Reasons for increasing demand
Industrialisation
Human alter _____ ___, affecting _________ _________
Transfer rates, dynamic equilibrium
Environmental impacts of reservoirs
Habitat change
Environmental impacts of reservoirs
Wildlife barrier
Environmental impacts of reservoirs
River regime
Environmental impacts of reservoirs
Microclimates
Migratory species require...
Free movement to recolonise
Species that need low river flow for egg laying
Turtles
Species that need high river flow for egg laying (2)
Salmon, Trout
Reservoir microclimate features
High heat capacity
Reservoir microclimate features
Low seasonality
Reservoir microclimate features
Evaporation
Aquifer features
Porous
Aquifer features
Permeable
Aquifer features
Surrounding geology
Porosity
Amount of open space
Permeability
Ease of movement
Impacts of over-abstraction
Surface hydrology
Impacts of over-abstraction
Supply
Impacts of over-abstraction
Saltwater incursion
Impacts of over-abstraction
Subsidence
Impacts of over-abstraction
Ecological degradation
Subsidence is caused by lack of water in...
Interstital spaces
Paleowater can cause...
Soil salination
Paleowater can cause...
Osmotic dehydration
Monitoring aquifer depletion
Water table
Monitoring aquifer depletion
Wells
Monitoring aquifer depletion
Boreholes
Monitoring aquifer depletion
NASA GRACE Satellites
GRACE =
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRACE Satellites measure _____ ___, every __ days
Water mass, 30
Sustainable management
Artificial recharge
Sustainable management
River regulation reservoirs
Sustainable management
Afforestation
Sustainable management
Metering
Sustainable management
Low water appliances
Sustainable management
Low volume irrigation
Sustainable management
Xeriscaping
Sustainable management
Greywater recycling
Hint
Answer
Sustainable management
Pollution control
Exploitation of new sources
Rainwater catchment
Exploitation of new sources
New reservoirs
Exploitation of new sources
Estuary barrages
Exploitation of new sources
Unexploited aquifers
Exploitation of new sources
Interbasin transfers
Low flush toilets use...
15% less
Locations for Xeriscaping
Colorado
Locations for Xeriscaping
California
Estuary barriers
Freshwater reservoir created by damming
Impacts of estuary barriers
Intertidal habitats
Impacts of estuary barriers
Shipping obstacle
Impacts of estuary barriers
Pollution
Unexploited aquifer example
North Kenya
Aral Sea before over-abstraction
4th largest inland lake
Aral Sea after reduction since 1960
90%
Aral Sea depletion causes
Soviet Union irrigation schemes
Aral Sea depletion causes
Cotton and rice irrigation
Aral Sea depletion causes
Agricultural and industrial pollution
Dubai aquifer
Arabian
Water table depletion since 2015
60m
Dubai aquifer depletion impacts
Third of all 24000 farms in Abu Dhabi abandones
Dubai aquifer management strategies
Desalination
Dubai aquifer management strategies
Rain making with silver iodide
Desalination plants in Saudi Arabia
30
North China Plain water table decline
1m/year
North China Plain management
Low pressure irrigation
North China Plain management
Low water crops
North China Plain management
Large scale afforestation
North China Plain management
Interbasin transfer
SNWTP
South North Water Transfer Project
Central + Eastern SNWTP cost $
79 billion
Central + Eastern SNWTP provides water for...
20 cities
Central + Eastern SNWTP provides water for...
100 million
Central + Eastern SNWTP transfers water from
Yangtze to Yellow
Singapore water consumption factors
Few natural sources
Singapore water consumption factors
High living standards
Singapore water consumption factors
High per capita consumption
LPCD reduction 2003-2019
24
Singapore water management
Water conservation
Singapore water management
Government campaigns
Singapore water management
Scaled pricing
Singapore water management
Recycling
Singapore water management
NEWater
Singapore water management
Desalination
Singapore water management
Marina Barrage
Singapore water % from rec + desal each
40%
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