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Edexcel Politics 4. The Executive & Institutional Relations

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Last updated: February 16, 2020
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First submittedJuly 22, 2019
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Question or Term
Answer
The years in which the Labour and Conservative parties respectively introduced formal elections for party leadership as opposed to a consultation process
1922 and 1965
A legal principle meaning 'exceeding one's power', used in cases where a public body has acted beyond its legal authority
Ultra Vires
A small group of very senior ministers including the Prime Minister, who dominate the development of government policy
Inner Cabinet
The individual who serves as chief policy maker and chief executive
Prime Minister
The average number of judicial review applications per year, the majority being unsuccessful
4,000
A European Union trade bloc in which member states abolish tariffs between one another to facilitate trade, and member states cannot negotiate separate trade deals with external countries
European Union Customs Union
That which can only be changed or overturned by a ruling in a higher level court
Judicial Precedent
A 2015 appeal heard by the European Court of Human Rights, finding in favour of the 1,015 complainants who were refused voting rights while in prison - as it had found in all previous such cases - with which the UK government refused to comply
McHugh and Others v UK
Where sovereignty resides with whichever body or individual has ultimate power over a political issue, such as devolved administrations on devolved issues, or the Prime Minister in appointing ministers
Functional Sovereignty
Regulations made by ministers under powers granted by Parliament
Administrative Law
The location of ultimate constitutional power which cannot be overturned or set aside without acting unconstitutionally
Legal Sovereignty
A sovereign body of the European Union that meets twice per annum, composed of the heads of government of European Union member states that ratifies important decisions and occasionally agrees new treaties
Council of the European Union
That legislation made via an Act of Parliament or under the royal prerogative
Primary Legislation
The twelve crossbenchers from the House of Lords who acted as the highest court in the UK until the 2005 Constitutional Reform Act became active in 2009
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
That highest UK court the two operating principles of which are judicial independence and judicial neutrality
Supreme Court
That EU law which is controversial due to its being set at a standard minimum 15% rate with a reduced minimum rate of 5% for certain products preventing the UK from waiving it on things such as women's sanitary products or fuel bils
Value Added Tax
The highest court in the UK, consisting of 12 senior judges, that only hears appeals from lower courts (usually the High Court and Courts of Appeal), mainly dealing with interpretations of the law, which can apply widely in society
Supreme Court
Where the main decision making of government takes place in cabinet, now much superseded by 'prime ministerial government'
Cabinet Government
The central part of government and centre of power where key decisions are made, consisting of the prime minister, cabinet, senior civil servants, government departments, and a few senior party officials
Core Executive
A principle of the rule of law that everyone must be treated equally under the law
Formal Equality
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