Edexcel Politics 5. Conservatism and Liberalism

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Answer

A German Enlightenment philosopher who argued for individualism over collectivism and a rational foundation to morals and ethics

A Whig MP and supporter of the American Revolution, held as the founder of conservatism, who argued for pragmatism over idealism

That branch of liberalism which developed against a background of worsening conditions and thus decreased freedoms for the poorest, believed to be as a result of free-market capitalism

John Rawl's idea that in a just society, people can enjoy as much freedom as possible provided it wasn't exercised at the expense of others, and difference in economic outcome is kept to a minimum

An aspect of the conservative tenet of human imperfection, that holds that humans have limited mental powers of reasoning, making tradition, history, and practical experience a valuable guide and mold

The liberal idea of the equality held by people from birth, in that there are no inherited hierarchies, &c.

A later classical liberal who advocated social Darwinism as a way to develop a self-sufficient society unencumbered by those incapable of self help whose existence might encourage potentially greater state interference

Those conservatives who embraced capitalism in the belief that it would increase economic prosperity, allowing for more investment in the police force, courts, and military, thereby enhancing order and security

That which conservatives believe the ruling class should be, often in the form of a possibly hereditary aristocracy, comprised of those born and trained to rule, legislating only where necessary to maintain order and social cohesion

Those two ideologies which causes one-nation conservatism to further embrace unity, paternalism, welfarism, and a mixed economy after the First World War in alphabetical order

Question or Term

Answer

That, the six core principles of which are; individualism, freedom, minimal state interference, rationalism, equality, and liberal democracy

That which the state is often considered to be under liberal ideas

Those conservatives who adapted capitalism to conform to their beliefs by engaging in state intervention in the form of protectionism and Keynesian economic management

The individual who viewed humans as fallible and flawed, though - through their communal nature - also capable of altruism and kindness, if only they would learn from history, tradition, and the Church

That which conservatives believe should find its origin in a gradual, organic, and pragmatic development in response to humanity's needs rather than by contract which often results in idealism and normativism

The conservative belief in which cultural boundaries are representative of political boundaries

The conservative belief that society should be built upon and remain connected to the lessons and experience of the past

Those two historical events in which liberalism found its roots, in chronological order

A modern liberal and founder of second-wave feminism who sought to emphasise equality of opportunity within a liberal constitutional framework, rejecting radical feminism and patriarchy

The liberal idea that people are capable of reason and logic and thus debate and discussion are superior in guiding people's interests compared to edicts from above