Edexcel Politics 9. US Politics: Democracy and Participation

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That religious group which is more inclined to support the Republican Party over the Democratic Party, being around 25% of the population

The white, Christian (overwhelmingly Protestant though including Catholics), wealth, conservative, rural or suburban Republican support base which believes in limited government, is pro-life, pro-gun, and pro-traditional marriage, opposes Obamacare, and listens to Fox News and the likes of Rush Limbaugh

The two most recent cases of a total of four elections in which the loser of the popular vote won in the Electoral College

Pressure groups that represent the common interest of their members (trade unions, business groups, etc.) such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) or the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisations (AFL-CIO)

That group the types of which are; business/trade groups, labour unions and agricultural groups, professional groups, and intergovernmental groups, the last of which lobbies one level of government on behalf of another such as the National Governor's Conference

That party men are more inclined to support (52%)

That which some have argued does not exist as the parties are loose and disparate, being centred on the states due to federalism, while the parties don't so much alternate control as fight over it due to divided government

That the problems with which are that lawmakers may be assisting certain groups' interests to guarantee employment after leaving or losing office, and may be exploiting their relationships in office for profitable gain

The year in which $3.47bn dollars (only accounting for that which must be disclosed under federal law, i.e. not grassroots lobbying) was spent on lobbying

A party system in which two major parties regularly win the vast majority of votes, capture nearly all of the seats in the legislature and alternately control the executive

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An institution consisting of 538 electors who cast their ballots - though not necessarily in line with the popular vote - for the president in their state capitals, as established by the founding fathers

That last West Coast state to be won by a Republican president (in 1998)

Presidential primaries in which delegates are awarded to the candidates in proportion to the votes they get above a certain threshold, used in all Democrat and most Republican primaries

A women's rights pressure group that supports female candidates in the early stages of the election process

That strategy for choosing a vice-presidential candidate of which alternative strategies are; potential in government, based on executive and legislative experience such as George W. Bush choosing Dick Cheney, or party-unity in the form of choosing their former rival such as Reagan choosing George H. W. Bush

A theory that political power rests with small groups who gain power through wealth, family status, or intellectual superiority

That group that as of 2018 had a membership of 5.5 million (representing about 20% of US gun owners) and revenue of $412 million

That which affected the 2016 election in that white voters favoured Trump (57%) while black voters, Latinos, Asians, and others favoured Hillary Clinton (89%, 66%, 65%, and 56%), a slight Republican improvement since 2012, especially regards African Americans

The largest federation of unions (55) in the USA representing more than 12 million individuals, campaigning for progressive policies in the form of lobbying and get-out-the-vote campaigns, closely associated with civil rights and the Democratic Party

Examples of an ideological third party and an issue-based third party